Flag Coat of Arms Motto: "Majulah Singapura"  (Malay) "Onward, Singapore" Anthem: Majulah Singapura

Capital Singapore City (Downtown Core)1 1°17'N, 103°51'E Official languages English  Mandarin  Malay  Tamil Demonym Singaporean Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Sellapan Ramanathan  -  Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong Independence  -  City status July 24, 1951   -  Self-government under the United Kingdom 3 June 1959[1]   -  Declaration of independence 31 August 1963   -  Merger with Malaysia 16 September 1963   -  Separation from Malaysia 9 August 1965  Area  -  Total 704.0 km² (190th) 270 sq mi   -  Water (%) 1.444 Population  -  2007 estimate 4,680,600 [2] (117th)  -  2000 census 4,117,700   -  Density 6,369.2/km² (4th) 16,392/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate  -  Total US$137.7622 billion (54th)  -  Per capita US$30,723.61 (17th) HDI (2007) ? 0.922 (high) (25th) Currency Singapore dollar (SGD) Time zone SST (UTC+8)  -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+8) Internet TLD .sg Calling code +65² 1 Singapore is a city-state. 2 02 from Malaysia. Singapore[3] is an island nation located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the Equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands. At 704.0 km² (272 sq mi), it is one of the few remaining city-states in the world and the smallest country in Southeast Asia. The British East India Company established a trading post on the island in 1819. The main settlement up to that point was a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived around the coast, rivers and smaller islands. The British used Singapore as a strategic trading post along the spice route.[4] It became one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire. Winston Churchill called it "Britain's greatest defeat" when it was occupied by the Japanese during World War II.[5] Singapore reverted to British rule in 1945. In 1963, it merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. Less than two years later it split from the federation and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Singapore joined the United Nations on September 21 that same year. Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has increased. A state-led industrialization drive, aided by foreign direct investment has created a modern economy based on electronics manufacturing, petrochemicals, tourism and financial services alongside the traditional entrepôt trade. Singapore is the 17th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita.[6] The small nation has a foreign reserve of S$222 billion (US$147 billion).[7] The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore established the nation's political system as a representative democracy, while the country is recognized as a parliamentary republic.[8] The People's Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election since self-government in 1959.[9]